Texture Creation (e.g., Hammered Finish): Using textured tools or molds during blowing to create unique surface textures.

Gilding/Gold/Silver Painting: Using paints made from precious metal powders to paint designs, followed by a low-temperature firing.

Gilding/Vacuum Deposition: Metals are vaporized in a vacuum and deposited as a thin film, creating metallic or iridescent finishes.

Stained glass: Metal oxides or other chemicals are added to the glass raw materials to change the color of the glass. These additives vary according to the desired color. For example, adding iron oxide can make the glass green, and adding copper oxide can make the glass blue.

Frosting/Sandblasting: Blasting the surface with fine sand to create a uniform matte texture.

Printing/Heat Transfer: A film with a printed pattern is applied, and heat transfers and fixes the pattern.

Cutting: Using diamond wheels to cut precise geometric facets, which are then ground and polished to produce brilliant refraction.

Hand-Painting: Artists paint directly onto the surface using special glass paints, often requiring multiple firings.